Behavior Change
Programs
for Diet and Physical Activity
The
Alive! program -- an online, email-based diet and
physical activity intervention system, proven effective in a randomized trial.
The WIN program (Worksite Internet Nutrition) -- an email based program to improve diet.
The
Little-by-Little Program -- an interactive CD-ROM application
for nutrition screening and counseling, suitable for use by
dietitians, other public health providers, and community groups.

About
Alive!
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Diets high in fat and low in fruits and
vegetables are linked to many chronic diseases.
Inadequate physical activity is also linked to chronic
disease. Despite nutrition education and health
campaigns, more than 80% of Americans do not meet dietary or
physical activity
recommendations.
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Alive! is an effective
behavior-change intervention to improve participants ’ physical
activity, ‘bad’ fats and carbs, and fruits and vegetables. These are
all factors that are proven to be related to heart disease, blood
pressure, even stress. It has been proven effective. In a randomized
controlled trial, Alive! produced
statistically significant increases in physical activity and
fruit and vegetable intake, and significant decreases in saturated
and trans fats!
Alive! can reach 100s or even 1000s,
inexpensively, many more than typically participate in a wellness program. It is delivered actively, directly to participants' email inbox, rather than being a passive website necessitating participant initiative. Alive! is a turn-key system designed for serving large groups such as employees or members of an organization. It requires almost no administrative support, personnel time or expertise on the part of the employer or organization. Assessment, tailoring and delivery of messages are fully automated.
Alive! begins with a baseline questionnaire, a Health Risk Assessment focused on diet and physical activity. This provides immediate feedback about
the individual's diet and physical activity levels. So whether or
not they participate in the full intervention, everyone receives information about their own health behaviors. This can be a motivation to change, all by
itself!
If they sign up, Alive! gives them a
weekly email program tailored to their own lifestyle and
preferences. A key component is weekly goal-setting. Alive! suggests small weekly achievable goals to choose.
These goals, and tips for achieving them, are tailored to the individual's eating habits and physical activity level and preferences.
Each message also provides information on the relationship between diet, physical activity and
health, and interactive tools.
Alive! participants
can choose among three alternative paths to healthier
behavior:
- Increase physical activity
- Increase fruit and vegetable consumption
- Decrease saturated and trans
fats, decrease added sugars, increase good fats and whole
grains
Each 12-week program focuses on one of these three paths. Participants may choose to participate in only one 12-week segment, or may choose to continue, covering two or even all three topics over the course of a year.
In addition to the primary intervention effects on diet and physical activity, Alive! was also shown in the randomized trial to produce significant improvements in health-related quality of life and in presenteeism.
Alive! is not a weight-loss program,
although improved dietary and physical activity habits may well help
people achieve and maintain healthy weight. Rather, it seeks to
improve behaviors that have been shown to be related to a variety of
chronic diseases, as well as to mental health and to worksite
productivity.
What makes
Alive! unique?
Alive! Is proven effective in a
randomized controlled trial.
Alive! brings messages directly to
the individual – no active information seeking is required.
Alive! Is based on solid behavioral
theory.
Alive! is interactive. Participants
provide input on their own diet and physical activity patterns.
Then, based on their own perceived needs and readiness for change,
participants engage in a process of weekly goal setting and
tracking.
Alive! is tailored. Participants
receive only the information and small steps relevant to their needs
and lifestyle.
How to get started
with Alive!
Alive! is available to employers or
other organizations under a licensing agreement based on the number of
potential participants to whom it is offered. We can work with you to meet your
needs and resources.
We have found that the highest participation is achieved when people are sent individual invitations through email. With this approach, Alive! enrollment materials are sent
to you, the employer or organization, via email. You then forward an "invitation email" to your
employees or members. They complete the dietary and physical activity
questionnaire, and receive instant feedback on their nutritional and
activity level, regardless of whether they enroll or not. After
that, if they choose to enroll, employees/members enter their email address.
Subsequent program messages are sent via
email from the NutritionQuest server.
Alternatively, potential participants may be informed about Alive! through brochures or other promotions. A URL specific to your organization would be provided, through which individuals could complete the assessments and enrollment. Some recruitment materials are available.
Other information
about Alive!
- Download a Powerpoint presentation illustrating the process
and content of Alive!: http://www.nutritionquest.com/products/ALIVE_program_overview.ppt
- Visit the website for the randomized trial of Alive!. This
provides more information about both Alive! and the randomized
trial:
http://www.alive.kaiser.org/
- By arrangement, we would be glad to lead a 'webinar', in which we walk you through Alive!. This would enable you and your group to see the invitational email, baseline assessments, and weekly messages, from a remote setting.
- A demo version of Alive! is available, that permits you to
experience Alive! directly, by fast-forwarding through all weeks.
Contact Block Dietary Data Systems.
Development of
Alive!
Alive! is an enhancement of a
successful prototype, WIN (Worksite Internet Nutrition). See description of WIN, below.
Alive! is based on solid research. Dr. Gladys Block
(Ph.D., Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins) is an internationally respected
nutrition researcher, on the faculty at the University of California
at Berkeley. Clifford H. Block (Ph.D., Cognitive Psychology, Yale)
has been the architect of many large-scale programs in health social
marketing, education, and the application of new technologies to
achieve innovations in education and health behavior change. Dr.
Barbara Sternfeld (Ph.D., Epidemiology, University of California at
Berkeley) is a nationally known researcher in physical activity.
Torin Block conceived the delivery method and innovative technical
features.
Two journal articles have been submitted for publication, and another is in preparation. The first describes the randomized trial results on the effects of Alive! on the diet and physical activity outcomes. The second describes in detail the components of Alive! and the behavioral principles underlying it, and describes the effects on health-related quality of life and presenteeism. The third examines goals that were chosen by randomized trial participants, and the relation between number of goals chosen and diet and physical activity outcomes.
For more information
about Alive! Contact
sales@NutritionQuest.com
The WIN Program
WIN (Worksite Internet Nutrition) is a
12-week program delivered entirely by e-mail, designed to improve individuals’ dietary intake. The focus is on increasing fruits and vegetables, or on reducing total fat. WIN was tested among employees in a worksite. Reaction was very favorable, and pre-post tests indicated significant improvements in the dietary behaviors.
WIN begins with a dietary screener, and all who take the screener receive immediate feedback on their fat and fruit/vegetable intake. Participants then choose to work on either increasing fruits and vegetables or decreasing total fat intake. Weekly messages include suggested goals to work on for the coming week, tailored to individual characteristics.
Development of WIN was supported in part by a grant from the California Department of Health Services, Cancer Research Program. See the
article in CDC’s online journal, http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/oct/04_0034.htm.
WIN is the prototype for Alive! (described above). It differs from Alive! in the following ways:
- Alive! added a physical activity track.
- Alive! changed the focus from total fat to saturated and trans fats.
- Alive! added an emphasis on reducing added sugars.
- Alive! permits participants to complete each of the three tracks over the course of a year. WIN consists of a single 12-week program, during which the participant works on either total fat or fruits and vegetables.
The
Little-by-Little CD-ROM
Little by Little is a behavioral
intervention designed to help individuals make dietary changes to
eat more fruits and vegetables and reduce fat intake. It was
developed at the University of California, Berkeley, by Dr. Gladys
Block and colleagues. Little by Little is primarily intended to be used as a one-time educational or behavior-change experience (as opposed to the multi-week programs described above.) In the randomized trial in which it was tested and found to be effective, participants interacted with the CD-ROM in a single sitting.
The program content is guided by
behavior-change principles: nutrition screening and feedback;
tailoring based on readiness for change and participant lifestyle;
flexibility and individual choice; goal-setting. Brief dietary
assessments are followed by immediate feedback on participants’
intake in relation to recommendations, identification the top
sources of fat in the participant’s diet, and suggestions for
lower-fat alternatives. A food sufficiency question can
identify persons in need, who in turn are given the phone number of
a local Food Stamps office (entered by an administrator during
initial set-up.) Participants choose which dietary area to
focus on, and within each dietary area may explore topics of
particular concern to themselves, such as cost, time constraints,
children’s preferences, and so forth. After completing either
the fruit/vegetable module or the fat-reduction module, participants
are presented with a list of possible goals. The goals offered
are guided in part by the options that the user has chosen during
the CD-ROM exploration, and emphasize small achievable goals.
Users are encouraged to choose one or two, to try for two
weeks. If a printer is available, a certificate can be
printed, showing the goals chosen and providing a place to sign a
commitment.
The development and initial testing were
described in reference #1 below. A randomized
placebo-controlled trial was conducted among low-income African
American and White women, and demonstrated statistically significant
increased intake of fruits and vegetables (reference #2).
Nutritionquest makes Little by Little
available at minimal cost ($15), as a service to researchers and
public health.
References related to the Little-by-Little
program: 1. Block G, Miller M, Harnack L, Kayman S, Mandel
S, Cristofar S. An interactive CD-ROM for nutrition screening and
counseling. American Journal of Public Health
2000;90:781-785.
2. Block G, Wakimoto P, Metz D, Fujii
ML, Feldman N, Mandel R, Sutherland B. A Randomized Trial of the
Little by Little CD-ROM: Demonstrated Effectiveness in Increasing
Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Low-Income Population.
Preventing Chronic Disease (serial online) 2004 Jul. http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jul/04_0016.htm.
In addition to the named authors, Dr.
Clifford H. Block of Block Dietary Data Systems was a major
contributor to the behavioral aspects of Little by Little.
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